Ash (Fraxinus excelsior), also known as European ash, is a hardwood species native to Europe, spanning from Scandinavia to the Mediterranean and extending into western Asia. It thrives in temperate climates, often found in mixed hardwood forests.
The wood is light, with a creamy white to pale brown heartwood and a subtle, straight grain, complemented by a coarse texture. It is moderately dense, with a density of about 680–720 kg/m³, and is known for its toughness, elasticity, and excellent shock resistance. These properties make it a popular choice for tool handles, sports equipment, furniture, and flooring. Aesthetically, its light color and fine grain make it versatile for both rustic and contemporary designs. However, the species is in serious danger of extinction due to a disease caused by the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus.
